Earth System Models (ESMs) are global climate models that include biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial and marine ecosystems and explicitly model the movement of carbon through the earth system.

The planet is warming because there is more energy arriving from the sun than leaving to space. This excess energy is heating the oceans, the land and the atmosphere above, leading to more severe heatwaves, droughts and flooding events.

Major new study reveals that aviation could consume up to one-sixth of the remaining temperature budget to limit warming to 1.5˚C.

NCEO and King's College Prof Martin Wooster will be interviewed tonight on the BBC Radio 4 Science in Action programme at 8.30pm about wild fires which are ablaze in Amazon.