West Europe from space stock photo

Our People

Mathew Williams

Professor
Data Assimilation

Research interests

Over the past 25 years Mat’s research has focused on studying the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems, including Arctic tundra, the Amazon rainforest and African savannas, and UK landscapes under management. This research has informed society both on how ecosystems will respond to climate change, and how ecosystem responses will change the global carbon cycle. His Lab currently focuses on combining environmental simulation models with field data and satellite observations to understand the flows of carbon, energy, and water across natural and managed landscapes. His current research explores the climate sensitivity of forests and tundra, the effect of fires and harvests on forest biomass, monitoring of UK and global greenhouse gas balances from space and tall towers, and forecasting climate and management impacts on ecosystems. He has partnerships with industry using his technologies to optimise land use and farming in the UK to enhance soil C storage and climate resilience.

Recent publications

Precipitation–fire functional interactions control biomass stocks and carbon exchanges across the world's largest savanna. 2025-03-27

Where in the world are we confident in terrestrial carbon balance?. 2025-03-15

Assessing terrestrial carbon fluxes and stocks in South America and its major biomes using CMIP6 Earth System Models. 2025-03-13

Can time series of plant water potential constrain carbon cycle dynamics using the CARDAMOM model-data fusion framework?. 2025-01-20

Fire-precipitation interactions control biomass carbon and net biome production across the world’s largest savanna. 2025-01-20

Towards data-driven discovery of governing equations in geosciences. 2024-10-14

Precipitation-fire-functional interactions control biomass stocks and carbon exchanges across the world’s largest savanna. 2024-08-12

Supplementary material to "Precipitation-fire-functional interactions control biomass stocks and carbon exchanges across the world’s largest savanna". 2024-08-12

Scale variance in the carbon dynamics of fragmented, mixed-use landscapes estimated using model–data fusion. 2023-08-11

Incorporating dead material in ecosystem assessments and projections. 2023-02

Using satellite estimates of aboveground biomass to assess carbon stocks in a mixed-management, semi-deciduous tropical forest in the Yucatan Peninsula. 2022-12-13

The carbon budget of the managed grasslands of Great Britain – informed by earth observations. 2022-09-06

Resolving scale-variance in the carbon dynamics of fragmented, mixed-use landscapes estimated using Model-Data Fusion. 2022-08-29

Challenges in Scaling Up Greenhouse Gas Fluxes: Experience From the UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Feedbacks Program. 2022-05

Climate Sensitivities of Carbon Turnover Times in Soil and Vegetation: Understanding Their Effects on Forest Carbon Sequestration. 2022-03

CO2 Exchange Forecasting of a Tundra Gradient in Greenland Between 1991 and 2100. 2022-02-06

Arctic warming-induced cold damage to East Asian terrestrial ecosystems. 2022-02-01

Evaluating two land surface models for Brazil using a full carbon cycle benchmark with uncertainties. 2022-02

Challenges in scaling up greenhouse gas fluxes: experience from the UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Feedbacks Programme. 2021-12-06

Parameter uncertainty dominates C-cycle forecast errors over most of Brazil for the 21st century. 2021-11-23

The carbon budget of the managed grasslands of Great Britain constrained by earth observations. 2021-06-14

Parameter uncertainty dominates C cycle forecast errors over most of Brazil for the 21st Century. 2021-04-08

The Effect of Antecedence on Empirical Model Forecasts of Crop Yield from Observations of Canopy Properties. 2021-03-18

Combining Process Modelling and LAI Observations to Diagnose Winter Wheat Nitrogen Status and Forecast Yield. 2021-02-10

Boreal permafrost thaw amplified by fire disturbance and precipitation increases. 2020-11-19

Characterizing the Error and Bias of Remotely Sensed LAI Products: An Example for Tropical and Subtropical Evergreen Forests in South China. 2020-09-23

Multi-year data-model evaluation reveals the importance of nutrient availability over climate in arctic ecosystem C dynamics. 2020-09-01

Carbon Stocks and Fluxes in Kenyan Forests and Wooded Grasslands Derived from Earth Observation and Model-Data Fusion. 2020-07-24

Rapid Mangrove Forest Loss and Nipa Palm (Nypa fruticans) Expansion in the Niger Delta, 2007–2017. 2020-07-21

Quantifying Uncertainty and Bridging the Scaling Gap in the Retrieval of Leaf Area Index by Coupling Sentinel-2 and UAV Observations. 2020-06-06

Two Aspects of Decadal ENSO Variability Modulating the Long‐Term Global Carbon Cycle. 2020-04-28

Fire decline in dry tropical ecosystems enhances decadal land carbon sink. 2020-04-20

Transpiration from subarctic deciduous woodlands: Environmental controls and contribution to ecosystem evapotranspiration. 2020-04

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access. 2020

The Value of Sentinel-2 Spectral Bands for the Assessment of Winter Wheat Growth and Development. 2019-08-31

Description and validation of an intermediate complexity model for ecosystem photosynthesis and evapotranspiration: ACM-GPP-ETv1. 2019-06-07

Leaf Area Index Changes Explain GPP Variation across an Amazon Drought Stress Gradient. 2019-05-27

Supplementary material to "Leaf Area Index Changes Explain GPP Variation across an Amazon Drought Stress Gradient". 2019-05-27

Evaluation of terrestrial pan-Arctic carbon cycling using a data-assimilation system. 2019-04-24

Estimating the soil N2O emission intensity of croplands in northwest Europe. 2019-04-18

Simulating the atmospheric CO2 concentration across the heterogeneous landscape of Denmark using a coupled atmosphere–biosphere mesoscale model system. 2019-04-10

Description and validation of an intermediate complexity model for ecosystem photosynthesis and evapo-transpiration: ACM-GPP-ETv1. 2019-01-10

Estimating the soil N2O emission intensity of croplands in northwest Europe. 2019-01-03

Alternate Trait-Based Leaf Respiration Schemes Evaluated at Ecosystem-Scale Through Carbon Optimization Modeling and Canopy Property Data. 2019

Characterising the biophysical, economic and social impacts of soil carbon sequestration as a greenhouse gas removal technology. 2019

Corrigendum to “Improving model prediction of soil N2O emissions through Bayesian calibration” (Science of the Total Environment (2018) 624 (1467–1477), (S0048969717336355), (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.202)). 2019

Quantifying the UK's carbon dioxide flux: An atmospheric inverse modelling approach using a regional measurement network. 2019

Role of Local Air-Sea Interaction in Fire Activity Over Equatorial Asia. 2019

The European Space Agency BIOMASS mission: Measuring forest above-ground biomass from space. 2019

The Importance of Consistent Global Forest Aboveground Biomass Product Validation. 2019

The importance of physiological, structural and trait responses to drought stress in driving spatial and temporal variation in GPP across Amazon forests. 2019

The landscape of soil carbon data: Emerging questions, synergies and databases. 2019

Understanding the Land Carbon Cycle with Space Data: Current Status and Prospects. 2019

Inverse Determination of the Influence of Fire on Vegetation Carbon Turnover in the Pantropics. 2018-12

Quantifying the UK’s Carbon Dioxide Flux: An atmospheric inverse modelling approach using a regional measurement network. 2018-09-21

Supplementary material to "Quantifying the UK’s Carbon Dioxide Flux: An atmospheric inverse modelling approach using a regional measurement network". 2018-09-21

Plant Traits are Key Determinants in Buffering the Meteorological Sensitivity of Net Carbon Exchanges of Arctic Tundra. 2018-09

Simulating the atmospheric CO2 concentration across the heterogeneous landscape of Denmark using a coupled atmosphere-biosphere mesoscale model system. 2018-06-27

Evaluation of terrestrial pan-Arctic carbon cycling using a data-assimilation system. 2018-05-22

Supplementary material to "Evaluation of terrestrial pan-Arctic carbon cycling using a data-assimilation system". 2018-05-22

Reliability ensemble averaging of 21st century projections of terrestrial net primary productivity reduces global and regional uncertainties. 2018-02-21

A systematic approach to identifying key parameters and processes in agroecosystem models. 2018

Aboveground Carbon Storage and Its Links to Stand Structure, Tree Diversity and Floristic Composition in South-Eastern Tanzania. 2018

Aboveground carbon storage in tropical dry forest plots in Oaxaca, Mexico. 2018

Greenhouse gas emissions from the energy crop oilseed rape (Brassica napus); the role of photosynthetically active radiation in diurnal N<inf>2</inf>O flux variation. 2018

Improving model prediction of soil N<inf>2</inf>O emissions through Bayesian calibration. 2018

Limited release of previously-frozen C and increased new peat formation after thaw in permafrost peatlands. 2018

The biomass mission: Objectives and requirements. 2018

The role of heartwood water storage for sem-arid trees under drought. 2018

UAV-based approaches for crop parameter retrievals. 2018

Exchange of CO2 in Arctic tundra: impacts of meteorological variations and biological disturbance. 2017-10-11

Reliability Ensemble Averaging of 21st century projections of terrestrial net primary productivity reduces global and regional uncertainties. 2017-09-19

Supplementary material to "Reliability Ensemble Averaging of 21st century projections of terrestrial net primary productivity reduces global and regional uncertainties". 2017-09-19

Global evaluation of gross primary productivity in the JULES land surface model v3.4.1. 2017-07-11

Assimilation of repeated woody biomass observations constrains decadal ecosystem carbon cycle uncertainty in aggrading forests. 2017-03

Challenges and opportunities in land surface modelling of savanna ecosystems. 2017

Data assimilation of soil water flow via ensemble Kalman filter: Infusing soil moisture data at different scales. 2017

Estimating gross primary productivity of a tropical forest ecosystem over north-east India using LAI and meteorological variables. 2017

Forest loss maps from regional satellite monitoring systematically underestimate deforestation in two rapidly changing parts of the Amazon. 2017

Impact of deforestation and climate on the Amazon Basin's above-ground biomass during. 2017

Limited contribution of permafrost carbon to methane release from thawing peatlands. 2017

Mapping local and global variability in plant trait distributions. 2017

Pre-rain green-up is ubiquitous across southern tropical Africa: implications for temporal niche separation and model representation. 2017

Simultaneous state-parameter estimation supports the evaluation of data assimilation performance and measurement design for soil-water-atmosphere-plant system. 2017

Exchange of CO2 in Arctic tundra: impacts of meteorological variations and biological disturbance. 2016-12-09

Supplementary material to "Exchange of CO2 in Arctic tundra: impacts of meteorological variations and biological disturbance". 2016-12-09

Global Evaluation of Gross Primary Productivity in the JULES Land Surface Model. 2016-09-21

A model inter-comparison study to examine limiting factors in modelling Australian tropical savannas. 2016

A webmapping platform for publishing, sharing and managing EOderived data for forest protection. 2016

Impacts of reduced model complexity and driver resolution on cropland ecosystem photosynthesis estimates. 2016

Model evaluation in relation to soil N<inf>2</inf>O emissions: An algorithmic method which accounts for variability in measurements and possible time lags. 2016

The decadal state of the terrestrial carbon cycle: Global retrievals of terrestrial carbon allocation, pools, and residence times. 2016

The influence of vegetation and soil characteristics on active-layer thickness of permafrost soils in boreal forest. 2016

Global sensitivity analysis, probabilistic calibration, and predictive assessment for the data assimilation linked ecosystem carbon model. 2015-07-01

Constraining ecosystem carbon dynamics in a data-limited world: integrating ecological "common sense" in a model–data fusion framework. 2015-03-03

Multi-site evaluation of the JULES land surface model using global and local data. 2015-02-13

A framework for estimating forest disturbance intensity from successive remotely sensed biomass maps: Moving beyond average biomass loss estimates. 2015

Correction: Multiscale digital Arabidopsis predicts individual organ and whole-organism growth (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (2014) 111 (E4127-E4136)). 2015

How resilient are African woodlands to disturbance from shifting cultivation?. 2015

Modelling climate change responses in tropical forests: Similar productivity estimates across five models, but different mechanisms and responses. 2015

Quantifying landscape-level methane fluxes in subarctic Finland using a multiscale approach. 2015

Quantifying the net contribution of the historical Amazonian deforestation to climate change. 2015

Global sensitivity analysis, probabilistic calibration, and predictive assessment for the Data Assimilation Linked Ecosystem Carbon model. 2014-10-15

Modeling stomatal conductance in the earth system: linking leaf water-use efficiency and water transport along the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum. 2014-09-30

A model using marginal efficiency of investment to analyze carbon and nitrogen interactions in terrestrial ecosystems (ACONITE Version 1). 2014-09-12

Constraining ecosystem carbon dynamics in a data-limited world: integrating ecological "common sense" in a model-data-fusion framework.. 2014-08-29

Multi-site evaluation of the JULES land surface model using global and local data. 2014-08-08

Comparing microbial and chemical kinetics for modelling soil organic carbon decomposition using the DecoChem v1.0 and DecoBio v1.0 models. 2014-07-24

Modeling stomatal conductance in the Earth system: linking leaf water-use efficiency and water transport along the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. 2014-05-07

A model using marginal efficiency of investment to analyse carbon and nitrogen interactions in terrestrial ecosystems (ACONITE Version 1). 2014-04-25

Supplementary material to "A model using marginal efficiency of investment to analyse carbon and nitrogen interactions in terrestrial ecosystems (ACONITE Version 1)". 2014-04-25

Can seasonal and interannual variation in landscape CO2 fluxes be detected by atmospheric observations of CO2 concentrations made at a tall tower?. 2014-02-06

Comparing microbial and chemical approaches for modelling soil organic carbon decomposition using the DecoChem v1.0 and DecoBio v1.0 models. 2014-01-07

Supplementary material to "Comparing microbial and chemical approaches for modelling soil organic carbon decomposition using the DecoChem v1.0 and DecoBio v1.0 models". 2014-01-07

Arctic canopy photosynthetic efficiency enhanced under diffuse light, linked to a reduction in the fraction of the canopy in deep shade. 2014

Assessing the phenology of southern tropical Africa: A comparison of hemispherical photography, scatterometry, and optical/NIR remote sensing. 2014

Current systematic carbon-cycle observations and the need for implementing a policy-relevant carbon observing system. 2014

Effects of heat and drought on carbon and water dynamics in a regenerating semi-arid pine forest: A combined experimental and modeling approach. 2014

Evidence for strong seasonality in the carbon storage and carbon use efficiency of an Amazonian forest. 2014

Fire regimes and variability in aboveground woody biomass in miombo woodland. 2014

Gross Primary Productivity of a High Elevation Tropical Montane Cloud Forest. 2014

Multiscale digital Arabidopsis predicts individual organ and whole-organism growth. 2014

Time variable hydraulic parameters improve the performance of a mechanistic stand transpiration model. A case study of Mediterranean Scots pine sap flow data assimilation. 2014

Understanding the relationships between ecosystem services and poverty alleviation: A conceptual framework. 2014

Working towards a global-scale vegetation water product from SMOS optical depth. 2014

Can seasonal and interannual variation in landscape CO2 fluxes be detected by atmospheric observations of CO2 concentrations made at a tall tower?. 2013-08-27

'Forests, instruments and ideas' – a tribute to John Grace's career. 2013

A data assimilation framework for constraining upscaled cropland carbon flux seasonality and biometry with MODIS. 2013

A novel application of satellite radar data: Measuring carbon sequestration and detecting degradation in a community forestry project in Mozambique. 2013

Are Inventory Based and Remotely Sensed Above-Ground Biomass Estimates Consistent?. 2013

Carbon cycling of European croplands: A framework for the assimilation of optical and microwave Earth observation data. 2013

Confronting model predictions of carbon fluxes with measurements of Amazon forests subjected to experimental drought. 2013

Leaf and fine root carbon stocks and turnover are coupled across Arctic ecosystems. 2013

Managing uncertainty in integrated environmental modelling: The UncertWeb framework. 2013

Measured and modelled leaf and stand-scale productivity across a soil moisture gradient and a severe drought. 2013

Pan-Arctic modelling of net ecosystem exchange of CO2. 2013

Pan-Arctic modelling of net ecosystem exchange of CO2.. 2013

Strengthening conceptual foundations: Analysing frameworks for ecosystem services and poverty alleviation research. 2013

The Response of Tropical Rainforest Dead Wood Respiration to Seasonal Drought. 2013

The role of mosses in carbon uptake and partitioning in arctic vegetation. 2013

Upscaling tundra CO<inf>2</inf> exchange from chamber to eddy covariance tower. 2013

Using biomass distributions to determine probability and intensity of tropical forest disturbance. 2013

WRFv3.2-SPAv2: Development and validation of a coupled ecosystem-atmosphere model, scaling from surface fluxes of CO<inf>2</inf> and energy to atmospheric profiles. 2013

An assessment of the carbon balance of Arctic tundra: Comparisons among observations, process models, and atmospheric inversions. 2012

An augmented Arabidopsis phenology model reveals seasonal temperature control of flowering time. 2012

Challenges and opportunities in linking carbon sequestration, livelihoods and ecosystem service provision in drylands. 2012

Forest biomass and the science of inventory from space. 2012

Incident radiation and the allocation of nitrogen within Arctic plant canopies: Implications for predicting gross primary productivity. 2012

Investigating temporal variations in vegetation water content derived from SMOS optical depth. 2012

Quantifying small-scale deforestation and forest degradation in African woodlands using radar imagery. 2012

Seasonal bryophyte productivity in the sub-Arctic: A comparison with vascular plants. 2012

The science and measurement concepts underlying the BIOMASS mission. 2012

The use of CO <inf>2</inf> flux time series for parameter and carbon stock estimation in carbon cycle research. 2012

A data assimilation method for using low-resolution Earth observation data in heterogeneous ecosystems. 2011

Above- and belowground carbon stocks in a miombo woodland landscape of mozambique. 2011

An assessment of the MODIS collection 5 leaf area index product for a region of mixed coniferous forest. 2011

Applying a SPA model to examine the impact of climate change on GPP of open woodlands and the potential for woody thickening. 2011

Automatic processing, quality assurance and serving of real-time weather data. 2011

Constraining ecosystem processes from tower fluxes and atmospheric profiles. 2011

How does fire intensity and frequency affect miombo woodland tree populations and biomass?. 2011

Is productivity of mesic savannas light limited or water limited? Results of a simulation study. 2011

The carbon balance of Africa: Synthesis of recent research studies. 2011

Turnover of recently assimilated carbon in arctic bryophytes. 2011

Uncertainty in predictions of forest carbon dynamics: Separating driver error from model error. 2011

A linked carbon cycle and crop developmental model: Description and evaluation against measurements of carbon fluxes and carbon stocks at several European agricultural sites. 2010

A pilot project to store carbon as biomass in African woodlands. 2010

Estimating parameters of a forest ecosystem C model with measurements of stocks and fluxes as joint constraints. 2010

Handling and communicating uncertainty in chained geospatial web services. 2010

Impacts of experimentally imposed drought on leaf respiration and morphology in an Amazon rain forest. 2010

Multiple mechanisms of Amazonian forest biomass losses in three dynamic global vegetation models under climate change. 2010

Processing arctic eddy-flux data using a simple carbon-exchange model embedded in the ensemble Kalman filter. 2010

Shifts in plant respiration and carbon use efficiency at a large-scale drought experiment in the eastern Amazon. 2010

The BIOMASS Mission – An ESA Earth Explorer candidate to measure the BIOMASS of the Earth's forests. 2010

The carbon balance of European croplands: A cross-site comparison of simulation models. 2010

Biosphere-atmosphere exchange of CO<inf>2</inf> in relation to climate: A cross-biome analysis across multiple time scales. 2009

Can spatio-temporal geostatistical methods improve high resolution regionalisation of meteorological variables?. 2009

Erratum: An analysis of the sensitivity of sap flux to soil and plant variables assessed for an Australian woodland using a soilplantatmosphere model (Functional Plant Biology (2009) 35: 6 (509-520)). 2009

Evaluating the effect of drier and warmer conditions on water use by Quercus pyrenaica. 2009

Improving land surface models with FLUXNET data. 2009

Simulations of global evapotranspiration using semiempirical and mechanistic schemes of plant hydrology. 2009

The REFLEX project: Comparing different algorithms and implementations for the inversion of a terrestrial ecosystem model against eddy covariance data. 2009

Upscaling as ecological information transfer: A simple framework with application to Arctic ecosystem carbon exchange. 2009

Using information theory to determine optimum pixel size and shape for ecological studies: Aggregating land surface characteristics in arctic ecosystems. 2009

Using satellite radar backscatter to predict above-ground woody biomass: A consistent relationship across four different African landscapes. 2009

An analysis of the sensitivity of sap flux to soil and plant variables assessed for an Australian woodland using a soil-plant-atmosphere model. 2008

Assimilating canopy reflectance data into an ecosystem model with an Ensemble Kalman Filter. 2008

Carbon sequestration and biodiversity of re-growing miombo woodlands in Mozambique. 2008

Describing and communicating uncertainty within the Semantic web. 2008

Evaluating climatic and soil water controls on evapotranspiration at two Amazonian rainforest sites. 2008

Modeling feedbacks between a boreal forest and the planetary boundary layer. 2008

Net ecosystem exchange over heterogeneous Arctic tundra: Scaling between chamber and eddy covariance measurements. 2008

Sample sizes for estimating key ecosystem characteristics in a tropical terra firme rainforest. 2008

The effects of water availability on root growth and morphology in an Amazon rainforest. 2008

Upscaling leaf area index in an Arctic landscape through multiscale observations. 2008

A comparison of methods for converting rhizotron root length measurements into estimates of root mass production per unit ground area. 2007

A method for extracting plant roots from soil which facilitates rapid sample processing without compromising measurement accuracy: Methods. 2007

Assimilating MODIS reflectance data into an ecosystem model to improve estimates of terrestrial carbon flux: Recent progress. 2007

Assimilating reflectance data into a ecosystem model to improve estimates of terrestrial carbon flux. 2007

Factors controlling spatio-temporal variation in carbon dioxide efflux from surface litter, roots, and soil organic matter at four rain forest sites in the eastern Amazon. 2007

Functional convergence in regulation of net CO<inf>2</inf> flux in heterogeneous tundra landscapes in Alaska and Sweden. 2007

The response of an Eastern Amazonian rain forest to drought stress: Results and modelling analyses from a throughfall exclusion experiment. 2007

What is the relationship between changes in canopy leaf area and changes in photosynthetic CO<inf>2</inf> flux in arctic ecosystems?. 2007

Evidence from Amazonian forests is consistent with isohydric control of leaf water potential. 2006

Identifying differences in carbon exchange among arctic ecosystem types. 2006

Meso-scale variability of soils and forest canopy properties is connected to geomorphologic features in Eastern Amazonia. 2006

An improved analysis of forest carbon dynamics using data assimilation. 2005

Erratum: Spatial validation of the collection 4 MODIS LAI product in Eastern Amazonia(IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 2005 43:11 (2526-2534)). 2005

Hydrological consequences of Eucalyptus afforestation in the Argentine Pampas. 2005

Landscape pattern and spatial variability of leaf area index in Eastern Amazonia. 2005

Optical instruments for measuring leaf area index in low vegetation: Application in arctic ecosystems. 2005

Spatial validation of the Collection 4 MODIS LAI product in Eastern Amazonia. 2005

Tight coupling between leaf area index and foliage N content in arctic plant communities. 2005

Canopy carbon gain and water use: Analysis of old-growth conifers in the Pacific Northwest. 2004

Climatic versus biotic constraints on carbon and water fluxes in seasonally drought-affected ponderosa pine ecosystems. 2004

Combining landsat ETM+ and terrain data for scaling up leaf area Index (LAI) in eastern amazon: An intercomparison with modis product. 2004

Long-term ecosystem level experiments at Toolik Lake, Alaska, and at Abisko, Northern Sweden: Generalizations and differences in ecosystem and plant type responses to global change. 2004

Oak forest carbon and water simulations: Model intercomparisons and evaluations against independent data. 2004

Interannual variability of plant phenology in tussock tundra: Modelling interactions of plant productivity, plant phenology, snowmelt and soil thaw. 2003

Luxury consumption of soil nutrients: A possible competitive strategy in above-ground and below-ground biomass allocation and root morphology for slow-growing arctic vegetation?. 2003

Forest canopy hydraulic properties and catchment water balance: Observations and modeling. 2002

Heterogeneity of soils and vegetation in an eastern Amazonian rain forest: Implications for scaling up biomass and production. 2002

Evaluating different soil and plant hydraulic constraints on tree function using a model and sap flow data from ponderosa pine. 2001

Primary production of an arctic watershed: An uncertainty analysis. 2001

Use of a simulation model and ecosystem flux data to examine carbon-water interactions in ponderosa pine. 2001

Correlations between foliar δ<sup>15</sup>N and nitrogen concentrations may indicate-plant-mycorrhizal interactions. 2000

Measuring and modelling seasonal variation of carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange of a Pinus ponderosa forest subject to soil water deficit. 2000

Simulating the effects of climate changes and climate variability on carbon dynamics in Arctic tundra. 2000

Solute dynamics in storm flow of the Ipswich River basin: Effects of land use. 2000

The controls on net ecosystem productivity along an Arctic transect: A model comparison with flux measurements. 2000

A revised assessment of species redundancy and ecosystem reliability. 1999

Net primary production of forests: A constant fraction of gross primary production?. 1998

Seasonal variation in net carbon exchange and evapotranspiration in a Brazilian rain forest: A modelling analysis. 1998

The dependence of heterotrophic consumption and C accumulation on autotrophic nutrient content in ecosystems. 1998

Predicting gross primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. 1997

A three-dimensional model of forest development and competition. 1996

Modelling the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum in a Quercus-acer stand at Harvard forest: The regulation of stomatal conductance by light, nitrogen and soil/plant hydraulic properties. 1996

Contact details

University of Edingburgh

0131 650 7776